Constrained polygon triangulation

Produce a triangulation index into x,y coordinates of a polygon that may include holes. Holes are specified by input argument holes which marks the starting index of each hole, if any.

earcut(xy, holes = 0, ...)

# S3 method for default
earcut(xy, holes = 0L, ...)

Arguments

xy	xy-coordinates, either a list, matrix, or data frame
holes	index of starting position of each hole in x,y, leave set to 0 if no holes
...	unused

Value

integer vector of triangle index, in sets of three

Details

Ear cutting (or ear clipping) applies constrained triangulation by successively 'cutting' triangles from a polygon defined by path/s. Holes are supported, the earcut library works with single-island-with-holes polygons, analogous to the POLYGON type in simple features.

To understand the specification of holes, see the examples with comment starting "1) Notice how the hole begins ..." in relation to the example code.

See also

plot_ears

Examples

## single ring polygon
x <- c(0, 0, 0.75, 1, 0.5, 0.8, 0.69)
y <- c(0, 1, 1, 0.8, 0.7, 0.6, 0)
(ind <- earcut(cbind(x, y)))
#>  [1] 2 1 7 7 6 5 5 4 3 2 7 5 5 3 2
plot_ears(cbind(x, y), ind)

## polygon with a hole
x <- c(0, 0, 0.75, 1, 0.5, 0.8, 0.69,
     0.2, 0.5, 0.5, 0.3, 0.2)
y <- c(0, 1, 1, 0.8, 0.7, 0.6, 0,
     0.2, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.4)
ind <- earcut(cbind(x, y), holes = 8)
plot_ears(cbind(x, y), ind)

## 1) Notice how the hole begins at index 8,
## hence holes = 8 above, and holes = c(8, 13) below
plot_ears(cbind(x, y), ind, col = "grey", border = NA)
text(x, y, labels = seq_along(x), pos = 2)

## add another hole
x <- c(0, 0, 0.75, 1, 0.5, 0.8, 0.69,
     0.2, 0.5, 0.5, 0.3, 0.2,
      0.15, 0.23, 0.2)
y <- c(0, 1, 1, 0.8, 0.7, 0.6, 0,
     0.2, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.4,
      0.65, 0.65, 0.81)
ind <- earcut(cbind(x, y), holes = c(8, 13))
plot_ears(cbind(x, y), ind, col = "grey")
# simpler shape with more than one hole
# the two inside holes are open to each other
# (so we can use the same data for one hole or two)
x <- c(0, 0, 1, 1,
       0.4, 0.2, 0.2, 0.4,
       0.6, 0.8, 0.8, 0.6
)
y <- c(0, 1, 1, 0,
       0.2, 0.2, 0.4, 0.4,
       0.6, 0.6, 0.4, 0.4
)
ind <- decido::earcut(cbind(x, y), holes = c(5, 9))
plot_ears(cbind(x, y), ind, col = "grey")
plot_holes(cbind(x, y), holes = c(5, 9), col = "grey")
ind <- decido::earcut(cbind(x, y), holes = 5)
plot_ears(cbind(x, y), ind, col = "grey")
plot_holes(cbind(x, y), holes = 5, col = "grey")