Appendix D — References

D.1 Standards and taxonomies

  • Balaji, V. (2006). A standard description of grids used in Earth system models. GFDL/NOAA. The “logically rectangular” and mosaic framework. https://extranet.gfdl.noaa.gov/~vb/gridstd/
  • ESMF Reference Manual, grid section: uniform, rectilinear and curvilinear as subtypes of logically rectangular. https://earthsystemmodeling.org
  • CF Conventions, section 5 (coordinate systems) and the grid mapping appendix. https://cfconventions.org
  • Weinkauf, T. (KTH, 2015). Grids and interpolation (lecture notes): the implicit, semi-implicit and explicit storage framing.
  • Campbell, J. W., Blaisdell, J. M. and Darzi, M. (1995). Level-3 SeaWiFS data products: spatial and temporal binning algorithms. NASA Technical Memorandum 104566, Vol. 32.
  • NASA OBPG. Integerized Sinusoidal Binning Scheme for Level 3 Data. https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/resources/docs/format/l3bins/ (archived copy: https://web.archive.org/web/20260106075308/https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/resources/docs/format/l3bins/)
  • Thompson, J. F., Soni, B. K. and Weatherill, N. P. (eds) (1998). Handbook of Grid Generation. CRC Press. Structured grids as a mapping from a uniform computational space to physical space.
  • Wikipedia. Regular grid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_grid (read 15 October 2026). Discussed in Section B.1.
  • SGRID conventions: describing staggered structured grids. https://sgrid.github.io/sgrid/
  • Parcels documentation, Grids (explanation page): structured and unstructured grids, C-grid velocities rotated to east and north. https://docs.parcels-code.org/en/latest/user_guide/examples/explanation_grids.html
  • Delandmeter, P. and van Sebille, E. (2019). The Parcels v2.0 Lagrangian framework: new field interpolation schemes. Geoscientific Model Development 12, 3571-3584. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-3571-2019
  • Calabretta, M. R. and Greisen, E. W. (2002). Representations of celestial coordinates in FITS. Astronomy and Astrophysics 395, 1077-1122. The FITS World Coordinate System.
  • Shupe, D. L. et al. (2005). The SIP convention for representing distortion in FITS image headers. ASP Conference Series 347.
  • OME-Zarr (OME-NGFF) specification: coordinateTransformations. https://ngff.openmicroscopy.org
  • GeoTIFF specification: tiepoints, pixel scale, PixelIsArea and PixelIsPoint.

D.2 Source writing consolidated here

  • Sumner, M. (2026). Grids: regular, rectilinear, curvilinear. hypertidy.org.
  • Sumner, M. (2026). Detecting hidden grids in curvilinear coordinates. hypertidy.org.
  • Sumner, M. (2025). Coordinates broken in NetCDF. hypertidy.org.
  • Sumner, M. (2025). Raster logic without pixels. hypertidy.org.
  • Sumner, M. (2022). Degenerate rectilinear (WIP). hypertidy.org.
  • gdal-r-python: multidim/rotated_pole_cordex_netcdf.md, georef-tiepoint/raster-coordinate.md, multidim/gdal-multidim-notes-2026-02-16.md, xarray-r-design-analysis.md. github.com/mdsumner/gdal-r-python
  • rw-book (2024) and a-book (2026) drafts. github.com/dis-organization/rw-book, github.com/mdsumner/a-book
  • hypertidy/L3bin: the L3 bin scheme in R. github.com/hypertidy/L3bin
  • trianglewins: Notes (dimension and interpolation) and Grids as meshes (2026). github.com/mdsumner/trianglewins, survey/notes.md and survey/grids.md

D.3 Data

  • CryoSat-2 sea ice, CS2WFA_25km_201007.nc, Zenodo record 7327711.
  • CORDEX ANT-12, RACMO24P-NN daily tas, via cordex.dmi.dk THREDDS.
  • MUR GHRSST L4 v4.1, PO.DAAC.
  • GOES-16 ABI-L2-MCMIPF, NOAA and the Earthmover icechunk store earthmover-public/goes-16.